Dhibaaatada Wararka Been’abuurka ah
Laga soo bilaabo 1958 ilaa 1961 shuucigii Shiinuhu waxa uu hore u qaaday tallaabo wayn, markii Mao Zedong damcay in uu si dhakhso leh Shiinaha u ga dhigo dawlad quwad wayn. [Tallaabadaas wuxuu u qaaday] isaga oo raba in uu isticmaalo dalag dheeri ah si uu u maalgalinta mashruucyada warshadaha ee qiimaha leh, ayaa waxa uu Mao amray in la labanlaabo oo la saddexlaabo waxsoosaarka beeraha. Laga soo bilaabo xafiisyadii dawladda ee Beijing, damaciisa aan suuragalka ahayn ayaa dhulka la galay heerka xafiisyadii dawladda, min maamul heer gobol ilaa hoos loogu dego maamul heer degmo. Xafiisyada maxalliga ah, iyaga oo ka cabsi qaba in ay shaaciyaan dhaleecayn nooc walba ha ahaatee isla markaana rajaynayna in madaxdoodu raalli ka noqdaan, ayaa waxa ay isku dubbarideen warbixinno male’awaal ah oo sheegaya in waxsoosaarkii beeruhu kor u kacay. Iyaga oo tirooyinkaas la been abuurtayi ay jidmariyeen difaaca heerkii xafiisyada, ayuu haddana masuul walba ka badbadiyay isaga oo qalinkiisa adeegsanaya.
Sidaa awgeed, 1958-dii dawladda Shiinaha waxa lagu wargeliyay in waxsoosaarka dalagga sannadlaha ahi uu 50% ka badan yahay sidii uu markii hore ahaa. Iyada oo rumaysanaysa warbixinnadaas ayaa ay dawladdu malaayiin TAN oo bariis ah ka gadday waddanada shisheeye iyada oo ku beddelatay hub iyo mashiinno culus, iyada oo u haysata in ay u hadhay [cunno] ku filan oo lagu quudin karo dadka Shiinaha. Natiijadii waxa ay noqotay in ay dhacday macaluushii ugu xumayd taariikhda iyo dhimashada tobanaan milyan oo Shiinays ah.
Muddadaas, warbixinnada xiisaha leh ee ganacsi-beereedka Shiinaha ee yaabka ah waxa ay gaadhayeen dhammaan dhegaystayaasha adduunka. Julius Nyerere, madaxweynihii aragti-ku-noolka ahaa ee Tanzania, ayaa aad uga helay guusha Shiinaha. Si uu u casriyeeyo beeraha Tanzania, Nyerere waxa uu u jihaystay in la bilaabo beero-wadareed, oo qaabka Shiinaha loo sameeeyo. Markii ay beeralaydii ka cagojiideen qorshahaas, Nyerere waxa uu u diray milateri iyo bilays si ay u burburiyaan beero-dhaqameedyadii, isla markaana xoog ugu raraan boqolaal kun oo qodoto ah beero-wadareedkii cusbaa. Dacaayadda dawladda ayaa sheegaysay in ay beero-wadareedyadu noqonayaan jannooyin yaryar, laakiin intoodii badnayd waxa ay ku danbeeyeen kali ah wax ku qoran diiwaanka dawladda.
Habmaamuusyada iyo warbixinnada ka soo baxayay caasimadda Darusalaam waxa ay sheegayeen in taariikh heblaayo dadkii degganaa degaan hebel loo raray beer heblaayo. Run ahaan, marka ay dadku gaadhaan meesha loo raray, wax ay ugu tagayeen ma ay jirin. Guryo ma leh, dhul-beereed ma leh, agabna ma leh. Sidaas oo ay tahay, masuuliyiinta dowladda ayaa ugu warramay nafahoodii iyo madaxwayne Nyerere ba in ay guul wayn gaadheen. Dhab ahaan, wax ka yar toban sanno, Tanzania oo ahayd waddanka ugu cunto-dhoofinta badan Afrika waxa ay noqotay waddan cuntada soo dhoofsada oo aan dadkiisa quudin karin kaalmo-shisheeye la’aanteed. 1979kii, 90% beeralayda reer Tanzania waxa ay ku noolaayeen beero-wadareedyada, laakiin waxa ay soo saari jireen boqolkiiba 5 waxsoosaarka beeraha dalka.
W/Q: Yuval Noah Harari, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow
W/T: Madasha Hoobaan
